A new dossier on the DOK trial – The comparative study that has been examining organic and conventional cultivation systems for over 45 years
The DOK Trial is an experimental study that began in 1978 and has been carried out by the FiBL Institute for over 45 years. Its purpose is to analyze the different performances of soils cultivated with three farming methods: biodynamic (D), organic (O), and conventional (K).
A recent dossier concisely and accessibly summarizes the findings of 45 years of research involving three agricultural systems as identified by the researchers:
- Biodynamic (BIODYN)
- Organic (BIOORG)
- Conventional (CONFYM)
The trial therefore simulates the management of both agricultural and livestock farms, focusing primarily on biodiversity, soil fertility, climate, and nutrient input. The study was conducted on five crops that are sown and rotated every seven years:
- corn
- soy
- wheat
- potato
- clover
The results pertain to several aspects of production, such as:
- yield
- soil quality
- nutrient input
- biodiversity
- climate
Conducted over more than 45 years, this study is one of the longest-running scientific trials ever undertaken. Its continuity has been invaluable for many facets of research, particularly because certain outcomes become meaningful only after a lengthy period of time. For instance, this is especially relevant when observing the effects of climate change.
A study of such duration and scope also makes it possible to adapt and shape various aspects of the research in response to social changes and agricultural developments that unfold over years and decades.
With respect to organic farming, the study carried out several specific experiments, particularly focusing on:
- new varieties
- crop rotation
- the efficient use of farming equipment
- biological pest control
According to Hans-Martin Krause from FiBL, one of the study’s two main authors and co-director of the trial since 2024, “The data meticulously collected over the course of the DOK trial show that organic agriculture promotes biodiversity and soil fertility. It also reduces the risk of negative environmental impacts due to pesticides or surplus nitrogen.”
Data analysis, in fact, revealed that organic soils had a 16% higher humus content and up to 83% greater soil organism activity—both factors that positively affect soil structure. A healthy soil structure helps retain water and decrease soil loss caused by erosion.
The data also indicate that, overall, organic systems are efficient. On average, organic systems achieve 85% of conventional yields while using only 8% of biocompatible pesticides and 65% of nitrogen from fertilizers.
In summary, the study shows that organic farming offers a solid foundation for further development of sustainable farming systems that balance food production with environmental impact.
DOK is therefore an important research platform both nationally and internationally.
Learn more about the research: https://www.fibl.org/en/shop-en/1263-dok-it-2024
